
Honey is a supersaturated sugar solution with approximately 17.1 percent water. Fructose is the predominant sugar at 38.5 percent, followed by glucose at 31 percent. Disaccharides, trisaccharides and oligosaccharides are present in much smaller quantities. Besides carbohydrates, honey contains small amounts of protein, (including enzymes), vitamins and minerals.
Honey yields 64 calories per tablespoon, making it a more concentrated source of energy than other common sweeteners. While the amino acid content is minor, the broad spectrum of approximately 18 essential and nonessential amino acids present in honey is unique and varies by floral source. Proline is the primary amino acid with lysine being the second most prevalent. Other amino acids found in honey include phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic and aspartic acids. The glutamic acid is a product of the glucose oxidase reaction.13 Proline and other amino acids are contributed by pollens, nectar or bee themselves.
| Nutrient | Percentage |
| Water | 17.20 % |
| Fructose | 38.29 % |
| Glucose | 31.28 % |
| Sucrose | 1.31 % |
| Maltose | 7.21 % |
| Carbohydrates | 1.54 % |
| Acid | 0.57 % |
| Protein | 0.26 % |
| Minerals | 0.17 % |
| Enzymes, Vitamins etc | 2.21 % |